York Castle stands as one of England’s most historically significant fortifications, its stones bearing witness to nearly a millennium of English history. Situated in the ancient city of York in northern England, the castle’s story reflects the turbulent shifts of power, warfare, and gov

Today, Cardiff Castle is managed by Cardiff Council and is open year-round for visitors. It serves as a venue for festivals, concerts, exhibitions, and educational activities. Visitors can explore the historic keep, the opulent Victorian apartments, the beautiful gardens, and the extensive tunnel

The 20th century saw Cardiff Castle play new roles, particularly during the two World Wars. The castle’s tunnels, originally constructed as air-raid shelters during World War II, provided protection for the people of Cardiff during bombing raids. After the wars, the castle was gradually ope

By the 16th century, the castle's function shifted from military stronghold to noble residence. The Tudor period saw less warfare in the region, and the castle’s strategic role diminished. In the 17th century, during the English Civil War (1642–1651), Cardiff Castle was again invo